2024, Vol. 6, Issue 12, Part B

Author(s): Wei Li, Mei Zhang and Junhao Liu

Abstract: Trigonella foenum-graecum (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a widely used herb known for its multifaceted health benefits, particularly in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. This research aims to systematically review and synthesize the available literature on the pharmacological properties of fenugreek seeds, focusing on their anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, galactagogue, and weight management effects. Phytochemical analysis revealed that fenugreek seeds contain a rich profile of bioactive compounds, including diosgenin, flavonoids, alkaloids, and dietary fiber. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that fenugreek significantly improves glucose metabolism, enhances insulin sensitivity, and reduces blood glucose levels in diabetic models. Moreover, the herb exhibited notable lipid-lowering effects, reducing total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels, which are critical for cardiovascular disease prevention. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fenugreek were confirmed through DPPH radical scavenging and carrageenan-induced paw edema assays. Furthermore, fenugreek demonstrated potential as a galactagogue, increasing milk production in lactating rats. The herb also showed promising results in appetite suppression and weight management, supporting its use in obesity management. Despite the encouraging findings, the current literature is fragmented, with varying dosages, short-term studies, and small sample sizes, limiting definitive conclusions. This review highlights the therapeutic potential of fenugreek as a functional food and proposes practical recommendations for its inclusion in diet and nutraceutical products. Further research, particularly long-term human clinical trials, is necessary to establish standardized guidelines for fenugreek's use in chronic disease management and prevention.

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