2023, Vol. 5, Issue 2, Part A

Author(s): Chaurasiya AK, Bhat S and Mehra S

Abstract: Forensic Science is a multi-disciplinary subject like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computer Science, Psychology, Toxicology and Phonetics The world of crime is changing very fast. Counterfeit currency trading, Hawala transactions, border infiltration, narcotics, cybercrime and crime against women are extremely hike with the advancement of science and technology criminals are use various scientific methods, advance technology, and various toxicological substance to commit the crime. we have needs to use scientific methods in investigation for collection of evidence and to ensure that evidence is collected and retained without being contaminated and altered, packed and sent in a scientific and safe manner to the lab is challenge before the investigating agency where the advance techniques are used and applied to extract evidence that will link the evidence to the scene of crime and finally identify criminal so that he or she may be successfully behind the bar of justice. It is observed that use of forensic science has definitely helped in increased conviction rate and non-use of forensic science has resulted in increased acquittal rate because the physical evidences cannot tell lie but man can do. The role of forensic evidences like DNA, ballistics, fingerprints, foot print, brain mapping, polygraph test, skull mapping, toxicology and chemical analysis are extremely necessary due to hostility of witness, eye witness is not coming forward due to various reason like witness security, harassment by investing agency, and very slow and time taking judicial proceeding therefore the Indian court conviction rate data was reported 57 percent in 2021. So that we have need to integrate our criminal justice system with forensic science-based investigation. The conviction rate in Canada is 62 per cent, Israel 93 per cent, England 80 per cent and America 90 percent. They have use forensic- science based investigation so that rate of conviction is much higher than India. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India to mandatorily use forensic techniques for all crimes where punishment is more than 6 years.

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