2023, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Part A

Author(s): Aklesh Kumar

Abstract: The exploration of the cosmos has uncovered profound mysteries, most notably the existence of dark matter and dark energy—two enigmatic components that constitute approximately 95% of the universe. Despite their significance, these phenomena remain elusive, with limited direct detection. Dark matter is believed to account for the gravitational effects observed in galaxies and galaxy clusters, influencing their structure and motion. Conversely, dark energy is thought to drive the accelerated expansion of the universe. This paper presents an in-depth examination of the leading models of dark matter and dark energy, highlighting the key theoretical frameworks and their implications for cosmology. For dark matter, we explore the particle-based WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) and axion models, alongside alternative explanations like modified gravity theories. In the case of dark energy, the paper reviews the cosmological constant model, along with dynamic fields such as quintessence, and investigates their potential to address the observed expansion rate of the universe. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and advancements in observational techniques, from galaxy surveys to cosmic microwave background measurements, which offer critical insights into the nature of these mysterious substances. Ultimately, understanding dark matter and dark energy is central to unraveling the fundamental workings of the universe, leading to a deeper comprehension of space-time, gravity, and the future of cosmic evolution.

Pages: 75-79 | Views: 590 | Downloads: 179

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